Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies

Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies

Methodological Aspects of REM Sleep- Deprivation and Stereological Protocols in the Brain-Stem Respiratory Nuclei

Document Type : Methodology Report

Authors
Ali Mohammad Kamali 1
Ali Noorafshan 2
Fatemeh Karimi 3
Saied Karbalay-Doust 3
1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2 Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3 Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
10.18869/nrip.jamsat.2.3.283
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is known to result in a range of neurological, cognitive and physical consequences in chronically-afflicted subjects. The respiratory nuclei of brain-stem tend to play a pivotal part in the regulating sleep function, hence hypothesized to be affected in various types of sleep-related dysfunctions. The purpose of this methodological report is to explain the techniques of REM sleep deprivation and stereology which can be used to consider changes of the quantitative properties of the respiratory nuclei in sleep-deprived rats.      
Keywords
Sleep deprivation
Respiratory nuclei
Stereology
Rat
  1. Moreira, C., et al., Arginine metabolism during macrophage autocrine activation and infection with mouse hepatitis virus 3. Immunobiology, 2004. 209(8): p. 585-598.
  2. Krueger, J. and F. Obal Jr, Sleep function. Frontiers in bioscience: a journal and virtual library, 2003. 8: p. d511-9.
  3. Benington, J.H., Sleep homeostasis and the function of sleep. Sleep, 2000. 23(7): p. 959-966.
  4. Grandner, M.A., et al., Sleep disturbance is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Journal of sleep research, 2012. 21(4): p. 427-433.
  5. Spiegel, K., et al., Effects of poor and short sleep on glucose metabolism and obesity risk. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2009. 5(5): p. 253-261.
  6. Curcio, G., M. Ferrara, and L. De Gennaro, Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep medicine reviews, 2006. 10(5): p. 323-337.
  7. de Manaceine, M., Quelques observations experimentales sur l’influence de l’insomnie absolue. Archives Italiennes de biologie, 1894. 21: p. 322-325.
  8. Bentivoglio, M. and G. Grassi-Zucconi, The pioneering experimental studies on sleep deprivation. Sleep, 1997. 20(7): p. 570-576.
  9. Patrick, G. and J.A. Gilbert, Studies from the psychological laboratory of the University of Iowa: On the effects of loss of sleep. Psychological Review, 1896. 3(5): p. 469.
  10. Tufik, S., et al., Paradoxical sleep deprivation: neurochemical, hormonal and behavioral alterations. Evidence from 30 years of research. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2009. 81(3): p. 521-538.
  11. Machado, R.B., D. Suchecki, and S. Tufik, Sleep homeostasis in rats assessed by a long-term intermittent paradoxical sleep deprivation protocol. Behavioural brain research, 2005. 160(2): p. 356-364.
  12. Jouvet, D., P. Vimont, and F. Delorme, Study of selective deprivation of the paradoxal phase of sleep in the cat. Journal de physiologie, 1964. 56: p. 381.
  13. Revel, F.G., et al., Rodent models of insomnia: a review of experimental procedures that induce sleep disturbances. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2009. 33(6): p. 874-899.
  14. Van Hulzen, Z. and A. Coenen, Effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on two-way avoidance acquisition. Physiology & behavior, 1982. 29(4): p. 581-587.
  15. Suchecki, D., et al., Increased ACTH and corticosterone secretion induced by different methods of paradoxical sleep deprivation. Journal of sleep research, 1998. 7(4): p. 276-281.
  16. Machado, R.B., De bora C. Hipolide, Ana Amelia Benedito-Silva, Sergio Tufik Sleep deprivation induced by the modified multiple platform technique: quantification of sleep loss and recovery. Brain Research, 2004. 1004: p. 45-51.
  17. Boeve, B.F., et al., Pathophysiology of REM sleep behaviour disorder and relevance to neurodegenerative disease. Brain, 2007. 130(11): p. 2770-2788.
  18. Westfall, D. and T. Westfall, Miscellaneous sympathomimetic agonists. Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC. Goodman & Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 2010.
  19. Colavito, V., et al., Experimental sleep deprivation as a tool to test memory deficits in rodents. Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 2013. 7: p. 106.
  20. Sundberg, M.D., An introduction to stereological analysis: morphometric techniques for beginning biologists. Chapter, 1992. 3: p. 70803-1705.
  21. Suchecki, D. and S. Tufik, Social stability attenuates the stress in the modified multiple platform method for paradoxical sleep deprivation in the rat. Physiology & behavior, 2000. 68(3): p. 309-316.
  22. Suchecki, D., B.D. Palma, and S. Tufik, Sleep rebound in animals deprived of paradoxical sleep by the modified multiple platform method. Brain research, 2000. 875(1): p. 14-22.
  23. Wang, L., et al., Effects of Wen Dan Tang on insomnia-related anxiety and levels of the brain-gut peptide Ghrelin. Neural regeneration research, 2014. 9(2): p. 205.
  24. Samuelsen, G.B., et al., The changing number of cells in the human fetal forebrain and its subdivisions: a stereological analysis. Cerebral Cortex, 2003. 13(2): p. 115-122.
  25. Kristiansen, S.L.B. and J.R. Nyengaard, Digital stereology in neuropathology. Apmis, 2012. 120(4): p. 327-340.
Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Volume 2, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
8
September 2016
Pages 283-286