The Brave New Brain World
Sidarta
Ribeiro
Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
author
text
article
2015
eng
Brain research constitutes an interdisciplinary endeavor ranging from computer science, mathematics, physics and chemistry to cell biology, animal behavior, psychology and the humanities. This perspective article discusses current neuroscience topics of utmost interest including the conquest of aging, evidence-based education, the epidemic of psychiatric medication, the prohibition of certain drugs, the resurgence of depth psychology (e.g. psychoanalysis) and the mechanisms underlying consciousness.
Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2423-5903
1
v.
1
no.
2015
1
7
https://jamsat.sums.ac.ir/article_42438_346d6eb87a4aec3647168f1c50575ea0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/nrip.jamsat.1.1.1
Neuroprotectives in Acute Ischemic Stroke, Hope or Hype?
Mohammad
Torabi-Nami
Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Afshin
Borhani-Haghighi
author
Farzaneh
Vafaee
author
text
article
2015
eng
Stroke is a significant public health burden which absolutely requires more effective therapies. The approved treatment options for stroke including tissue plasminogen activators, antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants mainly bear antithrombotic effects. Meanwhile, evolving investigational approaches such as collateral therapeutics and neuroprotective agents has thus far been attempted with equivocal effects on stroke outcome. The basic structural and ultrastructural changes following acute ischemic stroke should be well-considered when trying to target oxidative stress and cell death pathways using neuroprotective agents. Clearly, the positive results of preclinical studies on neuroprotectives and collateral therapeutics in stroke do not necessarily translate to the true clinical benefits of these agents. As such, several large advance-phased trials have already failed to prove so. On the other hand, controversial results in clinical setting should not discourage further research endeavors on the same. Besides, the concurrent use of flow augmentation and neuroprotectives may serve further clinical benefits. Based on the available evidence, it appears that optimization of preclinical studies and further well-designed prospective clinical trials let neuroprotection possibly find its position in stroke management. The present paper discusses key preclinical and clinical studies on neuroprotectives towards improved outcome in acute ischemic stroke.
Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2423-5903
1
v.
1
no.
2015
8
14
https://jamsat.sums.ac.ir/article_42440_572da963f5c893274cdd3ff51d1b6faf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/nrip.jamsat.1.1.8
Application of Nanostructured Materials in Fabrication of Electrochemical Genosensors
Amid
Rahi
Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
author
Hossein
Heli
Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Nanostructured materials are being increasingly applied to improve the performance and efficiency of electrochemical genosensors. The unique properties of nanostructured materials offer excellent prospects for biological sensing systems and for designing a new generation of biosensing devices with exhibiting novel functions. Application of nanostructured materials in the fabrication of electrochemical genosensors offers several important advantages over conventional biological procedures, and can have a significant impact on clinical diagnosis. In this context, nanomaterials such as polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles were actively investigated for their applications in the fabrication of electrochemical genosensors. In this article, an overview of various nanostructured materials in the fabrication of electrochemical genosensors that utilize different biological recognition elements for biomedical applications is presented.
Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2423-5903
1
v.
1
no.
2015
15
29
https://jamsat.sums.ac.ir/article_42442_ce61d8dc97ede0113aed5021f13c7caa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/nrip.jamsat.1.1.15
Common Polymorphisms of ATP7B Gene as a Good Marker in Linkage Analysis in Wilson Disease Patients from Southern Iran
Farzane
Arianfar
Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Hassan
Dastsooz
Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Nazanin
Vahedi
Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Zeinab
Fadaei
Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Mohammad Hadi
Imanieh
Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Seyed Mohsen
Dehghani
author
Mahmood
Haghighat
Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Maryam
Moini
Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Shiraz U
author
Majid
Fardaei
Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz; Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Wilson disease (WD) is caused by numerous pathogenic mutations of the ATP7B gene. There are several mutation screening methods that can be used for the diagnosis and carrier detection of WD, however such methods are costly and time-consuming. Therefore, other diagnostic methods should be used for urgent situations such as prenatal diagnosis. Objective: To report common polymorphisms of ATP7B gene in WD patients from southern Iran to be use in linkage analysis in the WD affected families. Material and methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 30 patients and PCR was carried out for ATP7B gene. DHPLC was then performed and PCR products with abnormal peak profiles were subjected to direct DNA sequencing. Result: Several patients showed abnormal peak profiles in DHPLC analysis and subsequent sequencing results demonstrated that some polymorphisms were more common in southern Iran. Those were c.1216T>G (exon 2), c.1366C>G (exon 3), c.3419 T>C (exon 16), c.3903 + 6C>T (intron 18) and c.4021+50G>C (intron 19). Conclusion: These common polymorphisms can be used by linkage analysis for the prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in affected families with Wilson disease.
Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2423-5903
1
v.
1
no.
2015
30
34
https://jamsat.sums.ac.ir/article_42439_d67a3877a17d1078ca4fded6a115a8a3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/nrip.jamsat.1.1.30
Estrogen and/or Progesterone Effects on HepG2 Human Cell Lines; Oxidant or Antioxidant?
Fatemeh
Zal
Reproductive Biology Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Behnoosh
Miladpour
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Raheleh
Taheri
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Iman
Heidari
Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Zohreh
Mostafavi-Pour
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Objective: Although much is known about estrogen and progesterone, their toxicity or protective effects on hepatocytes are yet to be fully understood. This study investigated the probable oxidant or antioxidant effects of estrogen and progesterone on HepG2 cell line in the presence or absence of H2O2. Methods: HepG2 cells were cultured with two concentrations of estrogen and progesterone (10PM and 1μM) and H2O2 (50 and 200 μM) separately, and in combination, for 24 hours. The effects of selected doses after MTT assay on: 1) cellular integrity, 2) GR and GPx activity, 3) cellular levels of GSH and 4) ALT and AST activities were assessed. Results: MTT assay showed toxic effect of 200 µM H2O2 on the cells. According to MTT results, 10nM and 1 µM doses of estrogen and progesterone and 1µM of each in combination, in the presence of 50 µM H2O2 were selected for the rest of the experiments. Incubation of the cells with H2O2 caused a remarkable decrease in GPx and GR activities as well as GSH level, and an increase in ALT and AST levels. However, treatment with estrogen attenuated further changes and estrogen in combination with progesterone led to a more pronounced amelioration of H2O2-induced toxicity. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that while high level of oxidative stress is severely cytotoxic, estrogen and progesterone might significantly improve the antioxidant defense within hepatocytes which undergo a low-intensity oxidative exposure.
Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2423-5903
1
v.
1
no.
2015
35
41
https://jamsat.sums.ac.ir/article_42441_3a2a8336e55491aa90dda7a7c0365efc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/nrip.jamsat.1.1.35
Evaluation of the Role of Melatonin in Dietary Restriction Effects on Spatial Memory Impairment Induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) in Male Rats
Mohammad
Mehdipour
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Asadollah
Zarifkar
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Mohammad Reza
Namavar
Histomorphometry and Stereology research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: It has been shown that dietary restriction in the form of every other day fasting (EODF) has neuroprotective effects. The mechanisms of these effects are unknown yet. Recently, it has claimed that dietary restriction can reset circadian and regulate irregular rhythms. Previous studies have demonstrated that dietary restriction can change melatonin production and secretion. Since melatonin has important role in circadian rhythms and its neuroprotective effect has been proved, it is reasonable that at least some dietary restriction effects may be due to the melatonin level changes. To investigate this hypothesis, melatonin receptors antagonist (Luzindole) was used in the rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Material and Methods: Sixty four male rats were assigned into 8 groups which 4 groups had Ad libitum and 4 groups had every other day fasting (EODF) diet. Each group category comprised: 1-control group receiving only solvent of drugs, 2-group which received streptozotocin (STZ) at 3 mg/kg/icv, 3-group which received STZ at 3 mg/kg/icv and luzindole 50 µgr/kg/icv and 4-group which received STZ 3 mg/kg/icv and melatonin 10 mg/kg/ip. Dietary regimen continued for 10 days from the day cannulation was done in lateral ventricles. Spatial memory was evaluated by Morris water maze test. To evaluate the histological changes in the brain tissue, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used. Results: Based on Morris water maze test results, STZ could impair spatial memory in rats while dietary restriction did not improve memory impairment significantly. Likewise, melatonin and luzindole could not restore memory impairment. Histological study indicated that STZ destroyed the brain tissue in different parts including paraventricular zone, fornix, cortex and hippocampus which could be attributed to memory impairment. Counting dead neurons in CA1 part of the hippocampus showed that dietary restriction accompanied by exogenous melatonin with supra physiological dose, could partially improve STZ-induced impact in brain tissue. Conclusion: Melatonin appears not to retain an important role in the effects of dietary restriction on spatial memory impairment. Meanwhile, dietary restriction associated with exogenous melatonin seem to exert neuroprotective effects.
Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2423-5903
1
v.
1
no.
2015
42
50
https://jamsat.sums.ac.ir/article_42443_09a6023cd804c32ab90223435e971c43.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/nrip.jamsat.1.1.42
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of the Essential Oils of Two Iranian Medicinal Plants: Zhumeria majdae and Salvia mirzayanii
Nafiseh
Omidpanah
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
Marzie
Valifard
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mansoore
Esmaeili
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
Reza
Yousefi
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
Ali
Moghadam
Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The Lamiaceae family has been tried to ameliorate symptoms of stomachache and dysmenorrheal in traditional medicine. The extracts and essential oils obtained from these plants have recently attracted much scientific attention. The essential oils of some plants belonging to this family have also been used in food preservation. Methods: This study employed pharmaco-diagnostic methods to examine and compare the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils obtained from two Iranian plants Zhumeria majdae and Salvia mirzayanii in E.coli infection. Results: Our findings suggested that the essential oil extracted from S. mirzayanii had more antioxidant potential than Z. majdae. By increasing the concentration of both agents, the growth and specific growth activity of E. coli was reduced. At 1:200 dilutions, the growth of E. coli was inhibited while LC50 occurred at 1:1000 dilutions. Finally, our results showed that both agents had strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities with more significant properties favoring S. mirzayanii. Conclusion: Plants such as Z. majdae and S. mirzayanii retain notable medicinal properties and may serve as useful tools when developing natural antibiotics and antioxidant agents against common pathogens including E. coli.
Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2423-5903
1
v.
1
no.
2015
51
60
https://jamsat.sums.ac.ir/article_42444_349046e96c6cf16c53d15b9a01c2ad62.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/nrip.jamsat.1.1.51
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Paste Electrode for Determination of Promethazine in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Blood Plasma
Ebrahim
Honarmand
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, university of Qom, Qom, Iran
author
Mohammad Hassan
Motaghedifard
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, university of Qom, Qom, Iran
author
Ali
Amani
Department of medical nanotechnology, school of advanced medical sciences and technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of chemistry Shiraz University of technology Shiraz Iran
c) Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 11365/8486, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
A multi-walled carbon nanotube modified paste electrode (MWCN-PE) was used for determination of promethazine (PMZ) in drug formulations and blood plasma by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Results revealed that the MWCN-PE shows an electrocatalytic activity toward the anodic oxidation of PMZ by a marked enhancement in the current response in buffered solution at pH 5.0. At the MWCN/CPE, the anodic peak potential of PMZ was shifted by 28.0 mV to more negative potential in comparison with bare carbon paste electrode. The detection limit for this method was 0.025 µmol L-1. Results indicated that the modified electrode could be employed for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and plasma samples.
Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2423-5903
1
v.
1
no.
2015
61
67
https://jamsat.sums.ac.ir/article_42445_abfa34cbff877dfd125759c72ea63c7a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/nrip.jamsat.1.1.61